Source: https://verify-veg.com/blog/reading-labels-germany/
Language: en

# German Food Labels for Vegetarians: 25 Words to Learn Before You Move

Your first German supermarket trip has one failure mode. You find the ingredient list and still cannot answer the question, because the deciding words are German compound nouns in the last three lines. The vocabulary is finite.

> **Key Takeaways**
> - German labels are in German by law, and the ingredient list must be complete and in descending order of weight.
> - The bold type catches milk and egg, because those are allergens. It never catches pork fat, gelatin or animal rennet.
> - Nine words are animal by definition: Gelatine, Schmalz, Butterschmalz, Speck, Schinken, tierisches Lab, Schellack, Karmin, Echtes Karmin.
> - Aroma, Emulgator and an unqualified Fett are where the pack does not tell you the source.

**TL;DR: Learn the 25 German words that name animal ingredients, then treat Aroma, Emulgator and unqualified Fett as unknown until the manufacturer confirms the source.** The deciding words are usually the last three lines of the list.

## What a German label is required to tell you

German labelling follows Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011: mandatory information must appear in a language easily understood in the country of sale, which is why the pack is in German ([EUR-Lex](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02011R1169-20180101), retrieved 2026-09-24).

Two rules work in your favour. The list is headed by a term including the word "ingredients", which on a German pack is "Zutaten", and the ingredients must appear in descending order of weight. Germany's Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety adds that the 14 main allergens must be flagged inside the list ([BVL](https://www.bvl.bund.de/DE/Arbeitsbereiche/01_Lebensmittel/03_Verbraucher/02_KennzeichnungLM/01_Ueberblick/lm_kennzeichnung_lebensmittel_Ueberblick_basepage.html), retrieved 2026-09-24).

That last point is the trap. Allergens are emphasised in bold, and milk and egg are allergens. Pork fat, gelatin, animal rennet and carmine are not, so they are never bolded.

## Nine words that are animal by definition

| German word | Literal meaning | What it tells you |
|---|---|---|
| Gelatine | Gelatin | From animal skin and bones. The species need not be declared, and consumer advisers say most European food gelatin is pork ([Lebensmittelklarheit](https://www.lebensmittelklarheit.de/fragen-antworten/gelatine-vom-schwein-oder-vom-rind), retrieved 2026-09-24) |
| Schmalz | Rendered fat | Almost always pork. In pastries, spreads and savoury cooking |
| Butterschmalz | Clarified butter | Milk fat: vegetarian, not vegan. In festive baking and some tinned fish |
| Speck | Bacon, cured pork fat | The commonest surprise in vegetables, soups and potato salad |
| Schinken | Ham | In tinned vegetables, pasta salads and cheese products |
| tierisches Lab | Animal rennet | From the stomach lining of young ruminants. Plain "Lab" is ambiguous: microbial rennet is also called Lab |
| Schellack | Shellac, E 904 | A resinous secretion of the lac insect, per the EU additive specification ([EFSA](https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8897), retrieved 2026-09-24). Glazes sweets and coffee beans |
| Karmin | Carmine, E 120 | The red colouring from cochineal ([EFSA](https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4288), retrieved 2026-09-24). In yoghurt, sweets and drinks |
| Echtes Karmin | True carmine | The same additive as Karmin, under its longer German name. E 120 |

Cheese needs a note. A cheese with nothing added beyond milk, cultures, enzymes and salt needs no ingredient list at all, and enzymes used as processing aids need not be named ([EUR-Lex](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02011R1169-20180101), retrieved 2026-09-24). When a list is printed anyway, German food chemistry working groups have held that rennet belongs in it, because without rennet the milk would never have set ([BAV Institut](https://www.bav-institut.de/en/news/alles-kaese-angabe-von-lab-und-natamycin-im-zutatenverzeichnis), retrieved 2026-09-24). If Lab is missing or unqualified, ask, or buy cheese with a vegetarian seal.

## Six words that are animal but read as harmless

| German word | Literal meaning | What it tells you |
|---|---|---|
| Molke | Whey | Milk: vegetarian, not vegan. In crisps, biscuits and ready meals |
| Magermilchpulver | Skimmed milk powder | Milk in powder form, common in cheap chocolate and instant soups |
| Honig | Honey | Vegetarian, not vegan. Honey cannot be flavoured, since only processed foods may be ([Lebensmittelklarheit](https://www.lebensmittelklarheit.de/informationen/aromastoffe-viel-geschmack-weniger-natuerliche-zutaten), retrieved 2026-09-24) |
| Ei | Egg | Vegetarian, not vegan. Also Vollei, Trockenei, Eipulver |
| Eigelb | Egg yolk | An emulsifier in mayonnaise, pasta and pastry |
| Eiklar | Egg white | Sometimes written Eiweiß, which also means protein, so read the context |

## Ten words where the label does not give the source

| German word | Literal meaning | What it tells you |
|---|---|---|
| Aroma | Flavouring | An umbrella term. If only "Aroma" is printed, consumer advisers say assume it was chemically synthesised |
| naturidentisches Aroma | Nature-identical flavouring | An old term. That distinction no longer exists in food law, so this signals a dated pack ([Lebensmittelklarheit](https://www.lebensmittelklarheit.de/informationen/aromastoffe-viel-geschmack-weniger-natuerliche-zutaten), retrieved 2026-09-24) |
| natürliches Aroma | Natural flavouring | Must start from natural materials, which may be plant, animal or microbial |
| Emulgator | Emulsifier | A function, not a substance. E 471 may be plant or animal, and only the manufacturer can often say which ([Verbraucherzentrale Bayern](https://www.verbraucherzentrale-bayern.de/wissen/lebensmittel/kennzeichnung-und-inhaltsstoffe/halal-essen-wann-ist-ein-produkt-halal-12283), retrieved 2026-09-24) |
| tierisches Fett | Animal fat | Animal, but the animal is not always named. Treat as non-vegetarian |
| pflanzliches Fett | Vegetable fat | Plant. The useful green flag, also written pflanzliche Öle |
| Fett | Fat | No source given. Never assume plant |
| Hefe | Yeast | A fungus, so vegetarian and vegan. Not the problem word; the words beside it usually are |
| Saft | Juice | Some juices are clarified with gelatin, which consumer advisers treat as a problem even when little remains ([Lebensmittelklarheit](https://www.lebensmittelklarheit.de/informationen/halal-siegel-einkaufshilfe-fuer-muslime), retrieved 2026-09-24) |
| Sud, Brühe, Fond | Cooking liquid, broth, stock | Gemüsebrühe is vegetable; Fleischbrühe and Hühnerbrühe are not. Fond usually means concentrated meat stock |

For this market ingredient by ingredient, see our [guide to common ingredients in Germany](/food/germany/common-ingredients/), and for where these words hide most often, our [round-up of hidden animal ingredients in German food](/blog/germany-hidden-animal-ingredients/).

## How to tell plant fat from animal fat

1. **The qualifier.** pflanzliches Fett is plant, tierisches Fett is animal, and a bare Fett tells you nothing.
2. **The dairy fats.** Butter, Butterschmalz and Sahne are milk. Schmalz is rendered pork fat.
3. **The emulsifier.** Mono- and diglycerides carry the ambiguity of the fat they came from.
4. **The rennet.** Lab can be animal or microbial, and [what rennet actually is](/blog/what-is-rennet/) explains why packs rarely say which.

## How E numbers appear on German labels

E numbers come from the single EU list of authorised additives, so E 120 means the same colouring in Berlin and Naples. German packs print both forms: "Karmin" and "E 120" are one substance.

An E number names the substance and never the source. E 471, E 422 (glycerin) and the mono- and diglyceride family can all be made from animal fat. Our [list of animal-derived E numbers](/blog/animal-derived-e-numbers/) covers the ones worth memorising, and the [ingredient translation cheat sheet](/blog/ingredient-translation-cheat-sheet/) covers the same trap in other languages.

## The bottom line

Read "Zutaten" from the bottom up, scan for the fifteen animal words, and stop at Aroma, Emulgator and Fett. German labels are long, but not unpredictable: the animal ingredients cluster into a small vocabulary. Learn the 25 words once and the aisle becomes a five-second read.

> **Check before you eat.** The Verify Veg app scans a barcode or reads an ingredient list from a photo and flags ingredients against your diet (vegan, vegetarian, halal, kosher, Jain and more). [Download on the App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/verifyveg-vegan-scanner/id6758276834) - Android is coming soon.

*Written by Samir Narain, founder of Verify Veg. Verify Veg helps people check packaged food against their diet by scanning barcodes and reading ingredient lists from photos.*

*Note: Verify Veg provides ingredient-based compatibility checks, not certification. Additive sources can vary by manufacturer, and halal rulings vary by certifier and region: always confirm with the brand, the vendor or your certifier.*